James Peter Walker (March 14, 1851 – July 19, 1890) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri.
Born near Memphis, Tennessee, Walker attended the public schools and the boys' college at Durhamville, Tennessee. He was employed in early youth as a clerk in a country store. He moved to Missouri in 1867 and settled near Kennett, Dunklin County. He engaged in agricultural pursuits. He moved to Point Pleasant, New Madrid County, in 1871 and engaged in transportation on the Mississippi River. He engaged in the dry-goods business at Dexter, Missouri, in 1876, and later, in 1882, in the buying and selling of grain. He served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1880. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for Congress in 1884.
Walker was elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses and served from March 4, 1887, until his death. Had been unanimously nominated as the Democratic candidate for reelection to the Fifty-second Congress on the day of his death. He died July 19, 1890, in Dexter, Missouri. He was interred in Dexter Cemetery.